Climate change refers to long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather patterns. While natural factors have historically influenced climate, human activities—particularly the burning of fossil fuels—have become the primary driver of recent changes.

Global average temperatures have risen by approximately 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era. This warming trend has accelerated in recent decades, with the last ten years being the warmest on record. Scientists predict further increases if emissions continue unchecked.

Oceans absorb about 90% of the excess heat from global warming. This leads to thermal expansion, rising sea levels, and disruption of marine ecosystems. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable, with many already experiencing severe bleaching events.

Climate change intensifies extreme weather patterns. Hurricanes become more powerful, droughts last longer, and flooding events occur more frequently. These changes pose significant risks to agriculture, infrastructure, and human safety.

Many species struggle to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. Habitat loss, shifting ecosystems, and temperature changes threaten biodiversity worldwide. Some species face extinction as their natural environments disappear.

Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and immediate action. Renewable energy adoption, reforestation, and sustainable practices are essential. Individual choices and policy changes both play crucial roles in reducing emissions.